Getting Started with Ape

The Ape Framework is an easy-to-use Web3 development tool. Developers can compile, test, and interact with smart contracts all in one command line session. With its modular plugin system, Ape supports multiple contract languages and chains including Rootstock.

In this guide, we will learn about the Ape Framework and its benefits for smart contract development, how to setup your development environment, create a Ape project and execute a deployment script for Rootstock.

Prerequisites

To get started with Ape, ensure the following tools are installed:

• Linux or macOS
• Python 3.9 up to 3.12
• Windows: Install Windows Subsystem Linux (WSL)
• Check the python version in a terminal with python3 --version.

Create a Ape project

To start a new project with Ape, install Ape and then create a new one:

1. Create a directory for the project

   mkdir ape && cd ape

2. Install pipx

Only neccessary if you don't have pipx installed:

python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath

3. Install Ape using pipx

   pipx install eth-ape

4. Create an empty project

   ape init

5. Enter a name for your project

   ape init
   Please enter project name: ape-rootstock-demo
   
   SUCCESS: ape-rootstock-demo is written in ape-config.yaml
   
   ls
   ape-config.yaml	contracts	scripts		tests

A common project structure looks like this:

project                             # The root project directory
├── contracts/                      # Project source files, such as '.sol' or '.vy' files
│   └── smart_contract_example.sol  # Sample of a smart contract
├── tests/                          # Project tests, ran using the 'ape test' command
│   └── test_sample.py              # Sample of a test to run against your sample contract
├── scripts/                        # Project scripts, such as deploy scripts, ran using the 'ape run   <`name>' command
│   └── deploy.py                   # Sample script to automate a deployment of an ape project
└── ape-config.yaml                 # The ape project configuration file

Tip

You can configure the ape project using the ape-config.yaml file. See the configuration guide for a more detailed explanation of the settings to adjust.

Create an Account

We will create an account and send funds to it before we can deploy a smart contract or interact with previously deployed contracts from the Ape project. Run the following command to generate an account.

ape accounts generate <ALIAS>

Use dev to replace ALIAS.

You will be prompted to add random input to enhance the security and add a password to encrypt the account.

ape accounts generate dev
Enhance the security of your account by adding additional random input:
Show mnemonic? [Y/n]: n
Create Passphrase to encrypt account:
Repeat for confirmation:
SUCCESS: A new account '0x260C915483943bf65596c298D2b46b8D67fF2FE5' with HDPath m/44'/60'/0'/0/0 has been added with the id 'dev'

Tip

If you do not want to see your mnemonic, select n. Alternatively, use the --hide-mnemonic option to skip the prompt.

Warning

Don't forget to add funds to the account generated. To get tRBTC, use the Rootstock Faucet.

To import an existing account check Importing Existing Accounts documentation.

Write your first contract

As an example, You can use the following Box contract to store and retrieve a value.

Fist create a file named Box.solinside the contracts directory:

touch contracts/Box.sol

Open the file and add the following contract to it:

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT 
pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

contract Box {
    uint256 private value;

    event ValueChanged(uint256 newValue);

    function store(uint256 newValue) public {
        value = newValue;
        emit ValueChanged(newValue);
    }

    function retrieve() public view returns (uint256) {
        return value;
    }
}

Compile the contract

Before compiling the Solidity, ensure to install the Solidity compiler plugin. Running the following command will install the latest version of the plugin:

ape plugins install solidity

To use a specific version of Solidity or a specific EVM version, modify the ape-config.yaml file as follows:

solidity:
  version: INSERT_VERSION
  evm_version: INSERT_VERSION

For more information about the Solidity plugin, check ape-solidity

After installation, compile the contract using the following command:

ape compile

Result:

ape compile
INFO: Compiling using Solidity compiler '0.8.25+commit.b61c2a91'.
Input:
        contracts/Box.sol
SUCCESS: 'local project' compiled.

After compilation, you can find the bytecode and ABI for your contracts in the .build directory.

Deploy contract on Rootstock

To deploy the box contract on Rootstock mainnet or testnet, install ape-rootstock plugin. This will allow for connection to Rootstock networks.

ape plugins install ape-rootstock

Result:

Install the 'rootstock' plugin? [y/N]: y
INFO: Installing 'rootstock' plugin ...
SUCCESS: Plugin 'rootstock' has been installed.

Then, create a deployment script named deploy.py inside of the scriptsdirectory

touch scripts/deploy.py

Next, we'll need to write the deployment script. We will need to load the account needed to be used to deploy the contract and access it by its name using the project manager.

Add the following into deploy.py file:

from ape import project, accounts


def main():
    # Load your account by its name
    account = accounts.load("dev")
    # Deploy the contract using your account
    return account.deploy(project.Box)

Now you're ready to deploy the Box contract! Follow the next steps:

1. Run the deployment script using the ape run deploy command

   ape run deploy --network rootstock:testnet

   For mainnet deployment, use --network rootstock:mainnet

2. Review the transaction details and enter y to sign the transaction

3. Enter the passphrase for your account

4. Enter y to exit your account unlocked or n to lock it

After following the prompts and submitting the transaction, the transaction hash, total fees paid, and contract address will be displayed in the terminal.

ape run deploy --network rootstock:testnet
INFO: Connecting to a 'rskj' node.
StaticFeeTransaction:
  chainId: 31
  from: 0x260C915483943bf65596c298D2b46b8D67fF2FE5
  gas: 101643
  nonce: 0
  value: 0
  data: 0x307836...303333
  gasPrice: 65164000

Sign:  [y/N]: y
Enter passphrase to unlock 'dev' []: 
Leave 'dev' unlocked? [y/N]: y
INFO: Submitted 0xf837d08ac7bab308b9ae3276e15b1dfd69a0888725a779363cfe2939c6b5be5f
Confirmations (1/1): 100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 1/1 [00:30<00:00, 30.63s/it]
INFO: Confirmed 0xf837d08ac7bab308b9ae3276e15b1dfd69a0888725a779363cfe2939c6b5be5f (total fees paid = 6623464452000)
INFO: Confirmed 0xf837d08ac7bab308b9ae3276e15b1dfd69a0888725a779363cfe2939c6b5be5f (total fees paid = 6623464452000)
SUCCESS: Contract 'Box' deployed to: 0x3F64cFe812c342069e510CBF581A30BEfd5897F8

Congratulations! Your contract is now active. Please ensure you save the address to facilitate interaction with it in the following section.

Tip

If you get the error: ERROR: (VirtualMachineError) (-32010) the sender account doesn't exist

Ensure to have tRBTC in the address generated in create an account.

Using The Ape Console

To interact with the newly deployed contract, launch the Ape console by running:

ape console --network rootstock:testnet

Next, we have to create a contract instance using the contract's address:

box = Contract("INSERT_CONTRACT_ADDRESS")

Enter the values below in the shell:

ape console --network rootstock:testnet   
INFO: Connecting to a 'rskj' node.

In [1]: dev = accounts.load("dev")
In [2]: box = Contract("0xA183c4DB0Fe974244F506069B09953119667505c")

Now, you can interact with the contract instance! For example, set the variable to be stored in the Box contract using the following commands:

• Call the store method by passing in a value to store, and the account to send the transaction:

box.store(2, sender=dev)

• Press enter, and review the transaction details and type "y" to sign the transaction.
• If your account is currently locked, enter the passphrase to unlock it. Otherwise, Ape will use the cached key from your account.
• If you unlocked your account in the previous step, you'll be asked whether you'd like to keep it unlocked. Enter "y" to keep it unlocked or "n" to lock it.

After completing these steps and submitting the transaction, the transaction hash and total fees will be shown in the terminal.

In [3]: box.store(2, sender=dev)
StaticFeeTransaction:
  chainId: 31
  to: 0x3F64cFe812c342069e510CBF581A30BEfd5897F8
  from: 0x260C915483943bf65596c298D2b46b8D67fF2FE5
  gas: 42490
  nonce: 1
  value: 0
  data: 0x307836...303032
  gasPrice: 65164000

Sign:  [y/N]: y
Enter passphrase to unlock 'dev' []: 
Leave 'dev' unlocked? [y/N]: y
INFO: Submitted 0x9224a7958c89272c3d41147b2e96df33d205ad5632c07fe40016be012721cf00
Confirmations (1/1): 100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 1/1 [00:15<00:00, 15.38s/it]
INFO: Confirmed 0x9224a7958c89272c3d41147b2e96df33d205ad5632c07fe40016be012721cf00 (total fees paid = 2768818360000)
INFO: Confirmed 0x9224a7958c89272c3d41147b2e96df33d205ad5632c07fe40016be012721cf00 (total fees paid = 2768818360000)
Out[3]: <Receipt 0x9224a7958c89272c3d41147b2e96df33d205ad5632c07fe40016be012721cf00>

You can retrive the stored value by calling the retrieve method:

box.retrieve()

Enter the values in the shell:

In [5]: box.retrieve()
Out[5]: 2

Well done! We have successfully deployed and interacted with a contract on the Rootstock network using Ape!

Resources

• See the Ape Documenetation.